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Great PDW! I missed being able to interact as this topic raises many questions:
1. CE is also about making the loops smaller and more localized. If we move towards a service-based economy where there is value co-creation along that circular value chain locally, wouldn’t that make all the transport associated with GVCs obsolete? Change from vertical integration/multisourcing to more branching (non-goods), replication and further to collaboration with local SMEs who can provide services?
2. GVCs where production is performed in one side of the world and consumed in another eventually generates waste (most of the time not being repaired, recycled, or otherwise). What does that say about closing loops? When it comes to technical cycles we can talk about ecodesign, but when it comes to organic materials and nutrients considering that desertification is only expanding, is different. Will we eventually see transportation of soil ammendments and organic fertilizer back to origins? (Costly and emission intensive) Or would it be more realistic to make production and consumption more local? What would be the economic impact of that on both sides? How could transnational open innovation strategies look for this?
3. CE is also about making the loops smaller and more localized, what does that say about waste governance? An example from my research. The informal recycling sector in Ecuador is struggling to get recognition from authorities. Companies want to include recycled material in their production but they end up importing plastic from the US because it’s cheap and uncomplicated (quality is not great here do to lack of source separation, cleaning facilities).